Lincoln's Order Results in Execution of 38 Dakota People in Minnesota

The City of Missoula hosted a significant discussion on May 2, 2025, led by Professor Dave Beck, focusing on Abraham Lincoln's controversial policies towards Native Americans during his presidency. The meeting highlighted Lincoln's complex relationship with Indigenous peoples, particularly in the context of the Dakota War of 1862.

Professor Beck detailed a conflict between President Lincoln and Minnesota Governor Alexander Ramsey, which arose as Lincoln sought to bolster Union forces amid the Civil War. As the Battle of Bull Run turned unfavorable for the Union, Lincoln called for militias from various states, including Minnesota, to assist in the war effort. However, Governor Ramsey insisted that local troops were needed to address an uprising among the Sioux people, leading to a standoff. Ultimately, Lincoln conceded, directing that military resources be allocated to deal with the Indigenous conflict.

The discussion revealed a grim policy of extermination that was adopted by both federal and state officials against the Sioux. General John Pope, appointed by Lincoln, expressed intentions to "utterly exterminate the Sioux," reflecting a broader sentiment among military leaders and politicians of the time. This aggressive stance resulted in the defeat of the Dakota people, with many surrendering under the promise of safety, only to face swift military trials that often lacked due process.

Beck emphasized the tragic outcomes of these policies, including the execution of 38 Dakota individuals, which remains a painful memory in Native American history. The meeting underscored the lasting impact of Lincoln's decisions on Indigenous communities, illustrating a legacy that is often overshadowed by his more celebrated achievements in civil rights.

In conclusion, the meeting served as a reminder of the complexities of Lincoln's legacy, particularly regarding his treatment of Native Americans, and the historical narratives that continue to shape perceptions of his presidency in Indian country.