The Senate Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee convened on April 24, 2025, to discuss pressing issues related to avian influenza and its implications for poultry and livestock in South Carolina. The meeting focused on the current state of the outbreak, its transmission methods, and biosecurity measures necessary to protect both commercial and backyard flocks.

The session began with a review of the ongoing avian influenza situation, noting that the outbreak has persisted longer than typical patterns observed in previous years. Experts indicated that the virus has become endemic in the environment, particularly among wild birds in Europe and Asia, which continue to introduce new strains to the United States through migratory patterns. The committee emphasized the importance of monitoring these developments, as the virus is expected to remain a concern into 2026.

Discussion then shifted to the transmission of the virus among birds. It was confirmed that avian influenza spreads through airborne particles and direct contact, particularly among migratory fowl that may carry the virus without showing symptoms. The committee highlighted the risks posed by wild ducks and geese, which can contaminate feed and water sources, increasing the likelihood of infection in domestic birds.

The conversation also addressed the implications for livestock, particularly cattle. It was noted that if cattle are infected with certain strains of avian influenza, their milk could become tainted and unfit for human consumption. The committee reassured that strict permitting processes are in place to ensure food safety during outbreaks.

Committee members raised concerns about backyard chicken keepers, particularly those living near areas frequented by wild birds. Experts advised that maintaining biosecurity measures, such as keeping chickens isolated from wild birds and ensuring clean feeding practices, is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus. The importance of physical separation from wild birds was reiterated, especially in areas where migratory birds are prevalent.

In conclusion, the meeting underscored the ongoing challenges posed by avian influenza and the need for vigilance among poultry and livestock owners. The committee plans to continue monitoring the situation and provide guidance on best practices for biosecurity to mitigate risks associated with the virus.