On April 11, 2025, the Colorado State Legislature introduced House Bill 1166, aimed at enhancing food donation practices by providing legal protections for donors and nonprofit organizations. The bill seeks to address food waste and improve food security for low-income individuals by encouraging the donation of surplus food.

The primary provisions of House Bill 1166 include exemptions from civil and criminal liability for various entities, such as farmers, retail food establishments, and nonprofit organizations, when they donate food. This immunity applies regardless of the food's condition, age, or packaging, as long as the donation is made in good faith. However, the bill specifies that this immunity does not extend to cases of willful or reckless misconduct that leads to injury or death.

Notably, the bill also clarifies that while donors are protected, nonprofit organizations that serve food to needy individuals remain liable for any injuries resulting from the consumption of donated food, unless they acted unreasonably. This provision aims to balance the encouragement of food donations with the need for accountability in food safety.

Debate surrounding House Bill 1166 has focused on the implications of liability protections. Supporters argue that the bill will significantly reduce food waste and improve access to nutritious food for vulnerable populations. Critics, however, express concerns about potential risks to public health, fearing that the lack of liability could lead to negligence in food safety practices.

The economic implications of the bill are significant, as it could incentivize more businesses to donate surplus food, potentially reducing costs associated with waste disposal and fostering community support. Socially, the bill aims to strengthen food assistance programs, addressing hunger and food insecurity in Colorado.

As House Bill 1166 moves through the legislative process, its potential to reshape food donation practices and enhance food security will be closely monitored by stakeholders across the state. The bill's outcome could set a precedent for similar legislation in other states, reflecting a growing recognition of the importance of food donation in combating waste and supporting those in need.