Maryland lawmakers have introduced House Bill 301, a significant piece of legislation aimed at enhancing law enforcement's ability to solve serious crimes through advanced forensic genetic genealogical DNA analysis. Introduced on March 12, 2025, the bill seeks to establish a legal framework for the use of forensic genetic genealogical search (FGGS) techniques, which utilize DNA profiles to identify potential suspects in cases where the perpetrator remains unknown.

The bill outlines specific criteria that must be met before law enforcement can initiate an FGGS. This includes obtaining judicial authorization and certifying that the forensic sample and the associated criminal case meet established standards. Notably, the bill restricts FGGS to serious offenses such as murder, rape, and other felony sexual offenses, as well as cases posing a substantial threat to public safety or national security.

Key provisions of House Bill 301 require law enforcement to submit a sworn affidavit, approved by a prosecutor, detailing the circumstances of the case and the forensic evidence available. This process aims to ensure that FGGS is used judiciously and only in appropriate situations, thereby addressing concerns about privacy and the ethical implications of using genetic data.

The introduction of this bill has sparked notable debates among lawmakers and civil rights advocates. Proponents argue that FGGS can be a powerful tool in solving cold cases and bringing justice to victims and their families. However, opponents raise concerns about potential misuse of genetic data and the implications for individual privacy rights. As the bill progresses through the legislative process, amendments may be proposed to address these concerns and refine the criteria for FGGS.

The implications of House Bill 301 extend beyond legal frameworks; it could significantly impact the way law enforcement agencies approach unsolved cases. By leveraging advancements in genetic technology, the bill aims to enhance public safety and improve the efficiency of criminal investigations. As discussions continue, stakeholders will be closely monitoring the bill's evolution and its potential to reshape forensic practices in Maryland.