House Bill 1366, introduced in Maryland on February 12, 2025, aims to enhance women's health coverage by mandating insurance providers to cover specific gynecological examinations and tests without imposing additional costs on patients. The bill specifically requires insurers and health maintenance organizations to provide coverage for cervical smear or Pap tests and surveillance tests for ovarian cancer for certain high-risk individuals.

Key provisions of the bill include the stipulation that insurers cannot impose copayments, coinsurance, or deductibles for these essential health services, ensuring that financial barriers do not prevent women from accessing necessary screenings. However, for those enrolled in high-deductible health plans, the coverage may be subject to the plan's deductible requirements.

The bill addresses significant health disparities by targeting women who have a family history of ovarian cancer or who have tested positive for the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. By mandating coverage for these tests, the legislation seeks to improve early detection and treatment options for women at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Debate surrounding House Bill 1366 has highlighted concerns from some insurance providers about the potential financial implications of the mandated coverage. Opponents argue that the bill could lead to increased premiums for all policyholders. Supporters, including women's health advocates, emphasize the importance of preventive care and the potential long-term cost savings associated with early cancer detection.

The bill is set to take effect for all health policies issued or renewed in Maryland on or after January 1, 2026. If passed, House Bill 1366 could significantly impact women's health care access in the state, potentially serving as a model for similar legislation in other jurisdictions. As discussions continue, the outcome of this bill may influence future health policy decisions and the ongoing conversation about women's health rights.