On February 12, 2025, Maryland lawmakers introduced House Bill 1240, a significant piece of legislation aimed at regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare decision-making. As AI technology increasingly influences medical practices, this bill seeks to ensure that healthcare providers maintain ethical standards and prioritize patient care.

The primary purpose of House Bill 1240 is to establish a framework for the responsible use of AI in healthcare settings. Key provisions include mandatory annual third-party audits for healthcare providers utilizing AI systems to assess whether their decisions align with established medical and ethical standards. The bill also requires healthcare providers to disclose specific data related to patient care, including preexisting conditions and care preferences influenced by personal beliefs. This data must be publicly accessible on the provider's website, promoting transparency in AI-driven healthcare practices.

The introduction of this bill comes amid growing concerns about the potential risks associated with AI in healthcare, including the possibility of delayed care or decisions that may not align with patient needs. Proponents argue that the legislation is essential for safeguarding patient rights and ensuring that AI systems do not compromise the quality of care. However, some critics express concerns about the feasibility of implementing such audits and the potential burden on healthcare providers, particularly smaller practices.

The economic implications of House Bill 1240 could be significant. By imposing penalties of up to $10,000 for violations, the bill aims to incentivize compliance among healthcare providers. This could lead to increased operational costs, particularly for those who may struggle to meet the new auditing requirements. However, supporters contend that the long-term benefits of improved patient care and trust in AI systems will outweigh these costs.

As the bill progresses through the legislative process, its potential impact on the healthcare landscape in Maryland remains a topic of debate. Experts suggest that if passed, House Bill 1240 could serve as a model for other states grappling with similar issues surrounding AI in healthcare. The outcome of this legislation could set important precedents for how AI technologies are integrated into medical practices, ultimately shaping the future of patient care in the state and beyond.