Montana's Senate Bill 252, introduced on January 31, 2025, aims to reshape local zoning regulations to facilitate housing development in urban areas. The bill mandates that municipalities with populations over 5,000 permit duplex housing on lots designated for single-family residences, ensuring that zoning rules for duplexes cannot be more restrictive than those for single-family homes. This provision seeks to address the growing housing crisis by promoting more diverse housing options in urban settings.

Key provisions of the bill also include requirements for municipalities to consider various factors when adopting zoning regulations, such as public health, safety, and the adequacy of infrastructure like transportation and utilities. Notably, the bill exempts historic preservation boards from certain review processes, allowing them to continue overseeing applications for historic structures without interference from external boards.

The introduction of SB 252 has sparked significant debate among lawmakers and community stakeholders. Proponents argue that the bill is essential for increasing housing availability and affordability, particularly in rapidly growing urban areas. They emphasize that easing restrictions on duplex and multi-unit housing can help alleviate the housing shortage affecting many Montanans.

Opponents, however, express concerns about potential overdevelopment and the impact on community character. Some local governments fear that the bill undermines their authority to regulate land use according to specific community needs and preferences. As discussions continue, amendments may be proposed to address these concerns while still pursuing the bill's primary goal of expanding housing options.

The implications of SB 252 are substantial, as it could lead to a significant increase in housing supply in urban areas, potentially stabilizing or lowering housing costs. Experts suggest that if passed, the bill could serve as a model for other states grappling with similar housing challenges. As the legislative process unfolds, the focus will remain on balancing the need for more housing with the preservation of community values and local governance.