On January 10, 2025, Utah lawmakers introduced H.B. 22, a legislative bill aimed at addressing the intersection of prostitution offenses and HIV status. This bill seeks to impose stricter penalties on individuals who engage in prostitution or sexual solicitation while being HIV positive, categorizing such actions as a third-degree felony.

The primary focus of H.B. 22 is to enhance public health safety by holding HIV positive offenders accountable for their actions. Under the proposed legislation, individuals convicted of various prostitution-related offenses—including engaging in prostitution, patronizing a prostituted individual, or sexual solicitation—will face heightened legal repercussions if they are aware of their HIV status at the time of the offense. This includes mandatory treatment and counseling for HIV infection and substance abuse as part of probation conditions.

The bill has sparked discussions among lawmakers and public health advocates. Proponents argue that it is a necessary step to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the spread of HIV, while critics raise concerns about the potential stigmatization of individuals living with HIV and the effectiveness of punitive measures in addressing public health issues. Some experts suggest that a more comprehensive approach, focusing on education and support rather than criminalization, may yield better outcomes for both public health and community safety.

As the bill moves through the legislative process, its implications could resonate beyond legal penalties, potentially influencing public perceptions of HIV and prostitution in Utah. The outcome of H.B. 22 may set a precedent for how similar issues are addressed in the future, highlighting the ongoing debate between public health initiatives and criminal justice responses.