On January 23, 2025, the Nebraska Legislature's Health and Human Services Committee convened to address a pressing public health issue: the alarming rise in syphilis cases across the state. The discussions highlighted significant increases in infection rates, particularly among women and newborns, prompting calls for renewed screening initiatives.

Douglas County health officials reported a staggering 300% increase in syphilis cases over the past six years, with current rates reaching 14.7 cases per 100,000 residents. This trend is not isolated; it reflects a broader statewide surge in syphilis infections, with specific counties like Thurston, Boone, and Cherry also reporting high rates. The implications of these rising numbers are particularly concerning for pregnant women, as congenital syphilis can lead to severe health complications for newborns, including stillbirths.

Dr. Bob Rauner, a physician and proponent of Legislative Bill 41 (LB 41), emphasized the historical context of syphilis management in Nebraska. He noted that effective screening and treatment methods had significantly reduced syphilis rates in the past, but the recent resurgence calls for a return to universal screening practices. Rauner argued that the cost-effectiveness of such measures is clear, as preventing just a few cases could save the state substantial healthcare costs associated with neonatal intensive care.

Sarah Howard Sills, a policy adviser at First 5 Nebraska, echoed these concerns, revealing that the rates of congenital syphilis have risen alarmingly. She pointed out that the existing statute governing syphilis screening has not been updated since 1943, indicating a need for legislative reform to address current public health challenges. Sills highlighted that other states have already implemented proactive measures to combat similar outbreaks, suggesting that Nebraska should follow suit to protect its most vulnerable populations.

The committee's discussions underscored the urgency of addressing the syphilis epidemic through legislative action. With rising infection rates and the potential for severe health consequences, the proposed LB 41 aims to reinstate comprehensive screening protocols, particularly for pregnant women, to mitigate the risks associated with congenital syphilis.

As the committee continues to deliberate on this critical public health issue, the anticipated next steps include further examination of the proposed legislation and potential adjustments to existing statutes to enhance screening efforts statewide. The outcome of these discussions could significantly impact the health and well-being of Nebraska's families, particularly those at risk of syphilis-related complications.