The Joint Subcommittee on Judicial Branch, Law Enforcement, and Justice convened on January 13, 2025, to discuss critical issues surrounding rail safety and inspection in Montana. The meeting highlighted the state's current rail network status and the need for enhanced regulatory oversight to ensure safety standards are met.

Montana boasts a substantial rail network, with 3,680 track miles, ranking it as the 13th largest in the United States. However, the state currently employs only one discipline with two inspectors, a stark contrast to neighboring states that typically have at least three disciplines enforced. This disparity raises concerns about the adequacy of safety inspections given the extensive rail infrastructure.

The discussion centered on House Bill 103, which proposes the addition of inspectors to bolster the state's regulatory framework. If passed, the bill would allow for the hiring of an additional Mechanical, Power, and Equipment (MP and E) inspector in Havre, along with two track inspectors to cover the eastern and western parts of the state. This expansion aims to address the current shortage of inspectors and improve the frequency of on-site inspections, which are crucial for maintaining safety standards.

The subcommittee also examined the integration of state inspectors with federal inspectors from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). Currently, Montana has two FRA inspectors, who are responsible for covering vast areas, including parts of neighboring states. The limited number of inspectors has raised concerns about the effectiveness of oversight, particularly as the FRA encourages states to participate in state inspection programs.

A significant point of discussion was the frequency of track inspections. The proposed plan aims for each track mile to be inspected at least twice a year, which would enhance compliance and safety. The subcommittee noted that track-related issues are the leading cause of derailments, emphasizing the importance of regular inspections to mitigate risks.

The meeting concluded with a recognition of the need for more robust data on derailments, particularly in comparison to states like Washington, which has a more extensive inspection program. The correlation between regulatory oversight and the frequency of derailments was underscored, suggesting that increased state involvement could lead to improved safety outcomes.

As the legislative process continues, the outcome of House Bill 103 will be pivotal in shaping the future of rail safety inspections in Montana, potentially leading to a more proactive approach to preventing derailments and ensuring the integrity of the state's rail infrastructure.